Isolating quantities

How the SAT tests this, with worked examples — plus the 3 skills it covers. Free to read, no account needed.

These questions give a formula and ask you to rearrange it for a different letter. There is nothing new to learn: it is the same reverse-order undoing used to solve an equation, with letters standing where numbers usually sit.
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The habit that makes this easy is treating every other letter as though it were a number. To get hh out of A=12bhA = \frac{1}{2}bh, you would multiply by 22 and divide by bb if bb were 55, so do exactly that.
Work in reverse order of operations, undoing the outermost thing first. If the target letter is inside a square root, square both sides before anything else; if it is in a denominator, multiply up first.
When the target appears twice, the method changes: gather all its terms on one side, factor it out, then divide by the bracket.
A useful check is to substitute simple numbers into both the original and the rearranged version. If they disagree, the rearrangement is wrong.

Worked examples

Solve A=12bhA = \frac{1}{2}bh for hh.
Multiply by 22, then divide by bb
2A=bh  ⇒  h=2Ab{2A = bh \;\Rightarrow\; h = \frac{2A}{b}}
Solve v=2ghv = \sqrt{2gh} for hh.
Undo the square root first by squaring both sides
v2=2gh  ⇒  h=v22g{v^2 = 2gh \;\Rightarrow\; h = \frac{v^2}{2g}}
Solve ax=bx+cax = bx + c for xx.
Here xx appears twice, so collect and factor
ax−bx=c  ⇒  x(a−b)=c  ⇒  x=ca−b{ax - bx = c \;\Rightarrow\; x(a-b) = c \;\Rightarrow\; x = \frac{c}{a-b}}

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All the skills in Isolating quantities