No solution to a system of equations

An SAT Math micro-topic under Solving systems of linear equations (Algebra). Free to read — no account needed.

When a system of two lines has no solution, it means the lines never intersect.
The only way two straight lines never meet is if they are parallel.
Parallel lines have the same slope but different yy-intercepts.
numsol_ex3_parallel.png
The figure shows two parallel lines.
They rise at the same rate, so they stay the same distance apart and never cross.
With no crossing point, no pair (x,y)(x, y) works in both equations.
The algebra shows this as a contradiction.
Setting 34x+15=34x+6\frac{3}{4}x + 15 = \frac{3}{4}x + 6 cancels the xx terms and leaves 15=615 = 6, which is false.
A false statement like that means the system has no solution.
You can also check the coefficients.
For ax+by=cax + by = c and px+qy=rpx + qy = r, there is no solution when ap=bq≠cr\frac{a}{p} = \frac{b}{q} \ne \frac{c}{r}.
The slopes match but the constants do not, so the lines are parallel.

Worked examples

How many solutions does the system y=2x+1y = 2x + 1 and y=2x+5y = 2x + 5 have?
Both lines have slope 22 but different yy-intercepts, so they are parallel.
The system has no solution.
Two lines have slopes k3\frac{k}{3} and 23\frac{2}{3} and different yy-intercepts. What value of kk gives no solution?
For parallel lines the slopes must be equal: k3=23\frac{k}{3} = \frac{2}{3}, so k=2k = 2.
With different intercepts, the lines are parallel and the system has no solution.
Solve the system y=−2x+3y = -2x + 3 and y=−2x+7y = -2x + 7.
Set them equal: −2x+3=−2x+7-2x + 3 = -2x + 7, which gives 3=73 = 7.
That is impossible, so the system has no solution.

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