An SAT Reading & Writing micro-topic under Command of Evidence: Quantitative (Information and Ideas). Free to read — no account needed.
A Command of Evidence question shows a graph and states a hypothesis, then asks which answer choice best strengthens it. Here is a complete example: a study tested whether a vitamin shortens recovery time from a cold, and the bar graph shows the average recovery time of the two groups.
The hypothesis is that the vitamin shortens recovery time, and the question asks which choice most strengthens it: (A) The vitamin group recovered in 4 days, faster than the placebo group's 7 days. (B) The placebo group took 7 days to recover.
Both statements are true, but only one strengthens the claim. Choice (A) compares the two groups and shows the vitamin group recovering faster, exactly what the hypothesis predicts, so it strengthens the hypothesis. Choice (B) is accurate but makes no comparison, so on its own it gives the claim no support.
So read the hypothesis, then find the choice whose data points the same way. Eliminate any choice that contradicts the claim, or that is true but beside the point. The strengthening choice is the one that gives the hypothesis exactly the evidence it predicts.
Worked examples
A gardener hypothesizes that giving plants extra light makes them grow taller. The graph shows the height of two groups of plants over six weeks. Based on the graph, which choice most strengthens the hypothesis? (A) By week 6, the extra-light plants were nearly twice as tall as the normal-light plants. (B) In week 1, both groups of plants were the same height. The claim predicts that extra light leads to more growth, so the strengthening choice must show the extra-light plants growing taller. Choice (A) reports exactly that, while (B) describes a point where they matched, so (A) strengthens the hypothesis.
A shop owner hypothesizes that warmer weather increases ice-cream sales. The graph shows average daily sales across temperature bands. Based on the graph, which choice most strengthens the hypothesis? (A) On days above 30°C, the shop sold nearly six times as many ice creams as on days below 10°C. (B) The shop sold fewer than 15 ice creams per day on the coldest days. The claim predicts that sales rise with temperature, so the strengthening choice must link higher temperatures to higher sales. Choice (A) contrasts hot days with cold days to show that rise, while (B) reports only the cold-day figure, so (A) strengthens the hypothesis.
A teacher hypothesizes that students who study more hours score higher on a test. The scatterplot shows each student's hours studied and test score. Based on the graph, which choice most strengthens the hypothesis? (A) Every student who studied 6 or more hours scored above 75. (B) One student who studied only 2 hours scored 90. The claim predicts that more study goes with higher scores, so the strengthening choice must show that pattern. Choice (A) shows the high-study students all scoring well, while (B) is an outlier that works against the claim, so (A) strengthens the hypothesis.
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