Evaluating fractional exponents: advanced

An SAT Math micro-topic under Radicals and rational exponents (Advanced Math). Free to read — no account needed.

A common advanced question gives you two variables tied together by a fractional power and asks for their product.
The trick is that the same exponent on two bases combines into one: a1/nb1/n=(ab)1/na^{1/n} b^{1/n} = (ab)^{1/n}.
frac_exponent_rules.png
Once the two bases are combined, you have a single power of the product, which you undo by raising both sides to the reciprocal exponent.
For example, if a1/3b1/3=3a^{1/3} b^{1/3} = 3, then (ab)1/3=3(ab)^{1/3} = 3.
Cubing both sides gives ab=33=27ab = 3^3 = 27, so the whole product comes out in one step.
A leading coefficient is just cleared first.
Suppose 13x3/4y3/4=1\frac{1}{3} x^{3/4} y^{3/4} = 1; multiply both sides by 33 to get x3/4y3/4=3x^{3/4} y^{3/4} = 3, which is (xy)3/4=3(xy)^{3/4} = 3.
Raising both sides to the reciprocal power 43\frac{4}{3} gives xy=34/3=333xy = 3^{4/3} = 3\sqrt[3]{3}.
So the plan is always the same three moves.
First combine the like fractional powers into one power of the product; then, if there is a coefficient, divide it out; finally raise both sides to the reciprocal exponent to free the product.
Recognising a1/nb1/na^{1/n} b^{1/n} as (ab)1/n(ab)^{1/n} is what makes these questions quick.

Worked examples

Find abab if a1/2b1/2=5a^{1/2} b^{1/2} = 5.
Combine the like powers: a1/2b1/2=(ab)1/2a^{1/2} b^{1/2} = (ab)^{1/2}, so (ab)1/2=5(ab)^{1/2} = 5.
Squaring both sides gives ab=52=25ab = 5^2 = 25.
Find xyxy if 12x3/4y3/4=4\frac{1}{2} x^{3/4} y^{3/4} = 4.
Multiply both sides by 22: x3/4y3/4=8x^{3/4} y^{3/4} = 8, which is (xy)3/4=8(xy)^{3/4} = 8.
Raising both sides to the power 43\frac{4}{3} gives xy=84/3=(81/3)4=24=16xy = 8^{4/3} = (8^{1/3})^4 = 2^4 = 16.
Find abab if a2/3b2/3=4a^{2/3} b^{2/3} = 4.
Combine the like powers: (ab)2/3=4(ab)^{2/3} = 4.
Raising both sides to the power 32\frac{3}{2} gives ab=43/2=(41/2)3=23=8ab = 4^{3/2} = (4^{1/2})^3 = 2^3 = 8.

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